The Power of Music

 

Reading Passage 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

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The Power of Music

A
Music has been an integral part of human culture for thousands of years. From ceremonial chants to modern symphonies, its power lies in its ability to evoke emotions, connect individuals, and even heal. Ancient Greek philosophers like Plato and Aristotle believed that music could influence character and mood. Today, science provides evidence for these claims, with research showing that music affects the brain's reward system, releasing chemicals like dopamine that contribute to feelings of pleasure and motivation.

B
One key aspect of music is its universality. Across cultures, music shares common elements such as rhythm, melody, and harmony, which can influence human behavior and emotions. Studies show that listening to certain types of music can lower stress levels by reducing cortisol, a stress hormone. Conversely, upbeat music can stimulate adrenaline release, providing an energy boost and improving physical performance.

C
Music also has profound effects on mental health. It is often used as a therapeutic tool for patients with conditions such as anxiety, depression, and dementia. Music therapy involves structured listening or active participation in music-making, which can promote emotional expression and relaxation. Research suggests that familiar melodies can trigger autobiographical memories in individuals with memory loss, offering a sense of comfort and identity.

D
The way music impacts the brain is a complex interplay of physiological and psychological mechanisms. Listening to music activates multiple areas of the brain, including those responsible for emotion, memory, and motor control. The tempo of music can synchronize with heart rate and breathing, creating either calming or stimulating effects. For instance, slower tempos promote relaxation by decreasing heart rate, while faster tempos can enhance focus and alertness.

E
The power of music is not limited to passive listening. Actively engaging with music—whether by singing, dancing, or playing an instrument—can enhance cognitive function and improve motor skills. This is particularly evident in children, where music education has been linked to better academic performance and improved language skills, according to a study. For adults, making music can be a creative outlet, reducing stress and fostering social connections.

F
Musicians and composers often draw inspiration from their personal experiences, translating them into melodies and lyrics that resonate universally. Iconic figures like Ludwig van Beethoven, despite his deafness, created some of the most celebrated music in history. Similarly, modern musicians often use their art to address social issues or express complex emotions. This ability to communicate beyond words makes music one of the most powerful forms of expression.

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Questions 14–18

Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A–F.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A–F, in boxes 14–18 on your answer sheet.

14. Reference to the physiological effects of music on the body.
15. Examples of how music can be used as a form of therapy.
16. The historical perspective on the power of music.
17. Research linking music to improved academic performance.
18. A mention of the emotional impact of music on people with memory loss.

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Questions 19–22

Complete the sentences below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 19–22 on your answer sheet.

19. Music can influence mood by releasing chemicals like …………………. in the brain.
20. Listening to certain types of music can help reduce …………………. levels, which are linked to stress.
21. Music can be used as a kind of …………………. to help patients with anxiety or depression.
22. Faster tempos in music can improve alertness by increasing a person’s …………………. rate.

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Questions 23 and 24

Choose TWO letters, A–E.

Write the correct letters in boxes 23 and 24 on your answer sheet.

Which TWO facts about the effects of music on human are mentioned in paragraph B?

A. It can enhance motor control in athletes.
B. Its rhythm and melody can have a certain impact on individuals’ actions.
C. It often reduces stress in competitive environments.
D. It can mitigate stress by releasing a certain chemical.
E. It is used as a regular practice in physical training routines.

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Questions 25 and 26

Choose TWO letters, A–E.

Write the correct letters in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet.

Which TWO facts about music therapy are mentioned in Paragraph C of the text?

A. It can enhance symptoms of memory loss.
B. It can recall memories associated with one’s life stories and experiences.
C. It primarily focuses on reducing physical symptoms of illness.
D. It involves creating music rather than just listening.
E. It is commonly used to treat mental illness.